FRONT OF THIGH

 CHAPTER 8:

FRONT OF FOREARM :

Contains the following muscles :

Superficial group (from lateral to medial):

1. Pronator teres
2. Flexor carpi radialis
3. Palmaris longus
4. Flexor digitorum superficialis
5. Flexor carpi ulnaris

Deep group :

1. Flexor policis longus
2. Flexor digitorum profundus
3. Pronator quadratus

 

FOR DISSECTION OF SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF FRONT OF FOREARM, WATCH THIS VIDEO:

https://youtu.be/xFIuk9LUgv0

Muscles	Origin	Insertion	Nerve supply	Action
Pronator teres	Humeral head: from the medial supracondylar ridge and medial epicondyle Ulnar head: from the medial border of coronoid process	Middle of lateral surface of the shaft of radius	Median nerve	1)pronation of forearm 2)weak flexor of elbow joint
Flexor carpi radialis	From the medial epicondyle of humerus	Palmar surface of 2,3 meta carpal bones	Median nerve	Flexion of wrist joint
Palmaris longus	From the medial epicondyle of humerus	Continues as palmar aponeurosis	Median nerve	Weak flexor of wrist joint
Flexor digitorum superficialis	Humeroulnar head : from the medial epicondyle of humerus, and the medial margin of head from the medial epicondyle of humerus, and the medial margin of coronoid process of ulna. Radial head : anterior oblique line of radius	Divides into 4 tendons and inserted into the shaft of the middle phalanx of medial four digits	Median nerve	Flexion of middle phalanx
Flexor carpi Ulnaris	Humeral head : medial epicondyle of humerus Ulnar head: medial margin of olecranon process and upper 2/3rd of the posterior border of ulna.	Through pisiform bone, inserted into the hook of hamate and fifth metacarpal bone.	Ulnar Nerve	Flexor of wrist joint
Flexor pollicis longus	Anterior surface of the radius below the anterior oblique line and from the interosseous membrane	Palmar surface of the base if distal phalanx of thumb	Anterior interosseous nerve	Flexion of thumb
Flexor digitorum profundus	Anterior and medial surfaces of the upper 3/4th of shaft of ulnar, from the posterior border of ulna and from the interosseous membrane	Divides into 4 tendons for medial four digits and inserted to the base of terminal phalanges	Medial part by ulnar nerve and lateral part by anterior interosseous nerve	Flexor of the terminal phalanges of medial four digits
Pronator quadrates	Anteromedial surface of lower 1/4th of ulna	Anterior surface of lower 1/4th of radius	Anterior interosseous nerve	Pronation of forearm

RADIAL ARTERY:

Smaller terminal branch of brachial artery

Extent : from the neck of radius to the deep palmar arch

Course : It has the following course:

• In the forearm
• At the wrist
• In the hand

Schematic course of radial artery in forearm:

 In forearm:

Behind:

Tendon of biceps

Supinator

Pronator teres

Flexor pollicis longus

Pronator quadrates

Infront:

Covered by brachioradialis in upper part

Rest of the part only be deep and superficialis fascia 

Laterally:

Brachioradialis

Superficial branch of radial nerve

Medially:

Pronator teres in upper part

Flexor carpi radialis in lower part

At the wrist:

The artery winds dorsally beneath the tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis, crosses the anatomical shaft box.

It leaves the wrist through a triangular gap between the two heads of first dorsal interosseous muscle.

In the hand:

The artery appears in the palm between the oblique and transverse heads of adductor pollicis and anastomoses with the deep branch of ulnar artery to form the deep palmar arch.

Branches of radial artery :

• Radial recurrent artery
• Palmar carpal branch
• Dorsal carpal branch
• Superficial palmar branch
• First dorsal metacarpal artery
• Arteria princeps pollicis
• Arteria radialis indicis
• Muscular branches

ULNAR ARTERY:

          It is the larger terminal branch of brachial artery.

Extent: from the neck of radius to the radial side of pisiform bone in the palm.

Course: 

The artery runs medially in the forearm accompanied by ulnar nerve in lower 2/3^rd of forearm

Along with ulnar nerve on the medial side, enters the palm crossing superficial to flexor retinaculum.

On the radial side of pisiform bone, the artery divides into superficial and deep branches.

Relations: 

In forearm:

Infront:

Upper part: covered by superficial group of flexor muscles.

Lower part: deep and superficial fascia.

 

                    Schematic  relations and branches of ulnar artery in forearm

Behind:

Brachialis in upper part

Flexor digitorum profundus in rest of course

Medially:

Ulnar nerve

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Laterally:

Flexor digitorum superficialis

BRANCHES OF ULNAR ARTERY:

• Anterior ulnar recurrent artery
• Posterior ulnar recurrent artery
• Common interosseous artery divides into
• Anterior interosseous artery
• Posterior interosseous artery
• Palmar carpal branch
• Dorsal carpal branch

Superficial terminal branch forms the superficial palmar arch

Deep terminal branch forms the deep palmar branch.