Dr. R. Chitra's Concise Human Anatomy

  CHAPTER 10 PALM OF HAND           The skin of the palm is thick and the superficial fascia contains palmaris brevis muscle across the base of hypothenar eminence. Deep fascia is thickened to form: Flexor retinaculum Palmar aponeurosis Fibrous flexor sheaths of digits Flexor retinaculum: It covers the anterior concave surface of the carpus into an osseo fibrous carpal tunnel Attachments: Medially – pisiform bone and  hook of the hamate Laterally - tubercle of scaphoid and the crest of trapezium Structures passing superficial to flexor retinaculum: Palmaris longus tendon Palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve Palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve Superficial palmar branch of radial artery Ulnar nerve and ulnar vessels In between superficial and deep slips on the lateral distal part, flexor carpi radialis tendon passes. Structures passing deep to flexor retinaculum: Median nerve Tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis and  Tendons of flexor di

  CHAPTER 9 BACK OF FOREARM Back of forearm (extensor) muscles are arranged in to superficial and deep groups: Superficial group: Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris Anconeus Brachio  radialis & Extensor carpi radialis longus : Common origin: From lateral epicondyle of humerus Lateral supracondylar ridge Lateral intermuscular septum Insertion of brachioradialis: Styloid process of radius Extensor carpi radialis longus – Insertion: Dorsal surface of base of 2 nd metacarpal bone Extensor carpi radialis brevis: Origin: Lateral  epicondyle of humerus Radial collateral ligament of elbow joint Insertion: Dorsal surface of the bases of 2,3 metacarpal bones Extensor digitorum: Origin: From lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Divides into 4 digital tendons for medial 4 fingers, and inserted into the dorsal digital expansion.

  CHAPTER 12 JOINTS OF THE UPPER LIMB : JOINTS OF THE SHOULDER GIRDLE: The joints of girdle are: Sternoclavicular joint Acromioclavicular joint Sternoclavicular joint: Sternal end of the clavicle articulates with clavicular notch of manubrium sternii Saddle type of synovial joint The ligaments are: Capsular ligament Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments Articular disc Interclavicular ligament Costoclavicular ligament Acromioclavicular joint: Plane type of synovial joint The lateral end of clavicle articulates with clavicular facet on the medial margin of the acromial process of scapula The ligaments are: Fibrous capsule Coraco-clavicular ligament:  Conoid part,  Trapezoid part Movements of shoulder girdle joints : Elevation and depression of scapula Protraction and retraction of scapula Forward and backward rotation of scapula SHOULDER JOINT: FOR ANIMATED VIDEO OF ENTIE SHOULDER JOINT, WATCH THIS VIDEO:      https://youtu.be/W